Producción CyT
Chapter 9: Glyphosate-based herbicides and oxidative stress
Capítulo de Libro
Fecha:
2021Editorial y Lugar de Edición:
Academic Press ElsevierLibro:
Toxicology Oxidative Stress and Dietary AntioxidantAcademic Press Elsevier
ISBN:
9780128190920Resumen *
Glyphosate [N-(phosphono-methyl)glycine] is a nonselective and postemergent broad-spectrum herbicide used for the removal of grasses, sedges, herbs, and woody shrubs, especially perennials. It is one of the most widely used agrochemicals around the world because of the expansion and increased production of genetically modified crops.1 The toxicity of glyphosate in plants is due to the inhibition of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase of the shikimate pathway, which is essential for the production of aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites in plants and somemicroorganisms. Glyphosate salts alone have very low toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, it has been extensively demonstrated that the commercial formulations of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are more toxic due to the addition of adjuvants since they facilitate the permeation of the active ingredients through the cell membrane.Even so, the toxic effects of GBH largely depend on exposure and dose. Acute human poisoning from one-off exposure affects gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, and hepatorenal systems.3?5 By comparison, subchronic and chronic exposure seems to lead to liver and kidney failure.6 The existing scientific literature regarding the effects of GBH is complex and sometimes difficult to review. Molecular toxicology will help understand the effects of toxicants at different levels of biological organization. Información suministrada por el agente en SIGEVAPalabras Clave
oxidative stresstoxicologyROSglyphosate