Producción CyT
Capítulo de Libro
Autoría
Fecha
2011
Editorial y Lugar de Edición
InTech
Libro
Skin Cancers - Risk Factors, Prevention and Therapy
(pp. 176-196)
InTech
InTech
ISBN
978-953-307-722-2
Resumen
Información suministrada por el agente en
SIGEVA
COX-2 over-expression is highly related to human NMSC development and progression. Many very well known carcinogens can activate different molecular pathways leading to COX-2 gene transcription. Over-expression of COX-2 enzyme was determined in human NMSC biopsies as well as in animal tissues by different techniques. In vitro studies have demonstrated its expression in keratinocytes after carcinogenic stimuli. The sub-products of COX-2 enzyme activity, mainly PGE2, lead to many cellular and mol...
COX-2 over-expression is highly related to human NMSC development and progression. Many very well known carcinogens can activate different molecular pathways leading to COX-2 gene transcription. Over-expression of COX-2 enzyme was determined in human NMSC biopsies as well as in animal tissues by different techniques. In vitro studies have demonstrated its expression in keratinocytes after carcinogenic stimuli. The sub-products of COX-2 enzyme activity, mainly PGE2, lead to many cellular and molecular events related with carcinogenesis. These events include apoptosis resistance, growth signalling, angiogenesis and selective immunosuppression. Many of these events are regulated by the expression of specific receptors expressed in the target cell. A great number of studies have been performed in order to obtain alternative or adjuvant treatments for NMSC, different from surgical excision. Treatments which regulate COX-2 expression pathways or its own enzymatic activity, altered the whole inflammatory response, as well as the cellular and molecular events mentioned before. All anti-tumor therapies must be analyzed taking into account that malignant-transformed cells can be directly eliminated –by avoiding growth stimuli or inducing cytotoxicity- or indirectly –by the proper activation of the immune response-. In this way, some of the above-mentioned treatments induce preferentially cytotoxic effects, while others increase the immune response. For some others, even when the overall anti-tumor effects were effectively proven, the exact mechanism was not. Finally, it is important to highlight that opposite effects on the same pathway may result in an equally effective anti-tumor response, i.e. imiquimod activates NF-κB pathway while PPAR-α ligands inhibit it, and both are useful treatments for NMSC.
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Palabras Clave
COX-2NON MELANOMA SKIN CANCERTREATMENTPATHWAYS