Medicina - Reduced Pdx1 levels in the fetal pancreas and reduced prolactin receptor levels in the maternal decidua of diabetic rats are prevented by maternal diets enriched in olive oil.

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Introduction: Maternal diabetes programs type 2 diabetes in the offspring. We previously found that an olive oil-enriched diet during pregnancy protects beta cell development but only in male offspring. We hypothesized that a preconceptional olive oil-enriched diet can improve pancreas development in female fetuses of diabetic rats. Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 2 (Pdx1) plays a central role in pancreatic beta cell differentiation. Prolactin receptor is relevant for decidual function, needed to support pancreatic development. Aim: To evaluate whether a preconceptional treatment with extra virgin olive oil can modulate Pdx1 levels in the pancreas of female fetuses and prolactin receptor levels in the decidua of diabetic rats. Methods: A mild pregestational diabetic rat model was induced in F0 females by neonatal administration of streptozotocin (90 mg/kg sc). Control and diabetic females received a 6% olive oil-enriched diet or a standard diet from the preconceptional stage (one week before mating) and until the day of euthanasia. Control and diabetic females were mated with control males and evaluated on day 13.5 of pregnancy (decidua studies) and on day 20.5 of pregnancy (fetal pancreas study). Pdx-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and prolactin receptor by Western Blot. Results: Pdx1 levels were reduced in 20.5-day-female fetuses of diabetic rats (34%, p<0.05 vs C), an alteration not observed when the mothers received the preconceptional olive oil-enriched diet. Prolactin receptor levels were reduced in the decidua of 13.5-day-pregnant diabetic rats (28%, p<0.05 vs C), an alteration not observed when the mothers received the preconceptional olive oil-enriched diet. Conclusions: The reduction of a marker of beta cell differentiation in pancreas of female fetuses of diabetic rats and of a marker of proper decidual function needed for proper pancreas development are likely related with fetal programming of metabolic diseases and are ameliorated by an olive oil-enriched preconceptional diet. Información suministrada por el agente en SIGEVA